Most of the longest and deepest caves in the world are formed by chemical corrosion processes in rocks particularly water-soluble thanks to their mineral composition. These corrosion processes are known as karst processes. All caves are filled with more or less large amounts of chemical deposits, minerals and physical deposits, sediments of various types which are mostly transported by water into caves. These, as a whole, are known as speleothemes, and are a very precious database regarding the geological, environmental and especially climatic evolution of the past.
Growing stalactite
Stalactites
Mushroom concretion
Baldacchino canopy
Cannula concretions
Calcite concretions
Cave bacon formation
Cave curtain formation
Stalagmites and columns
Trays
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