The Mediterranean Sea is facing a new, brightly coloured threat with a rather funny name: the bearded fireworm, also known scientifically as Hermodice carunculata. Already present in the Mediterranean, this marine worm has proliferated massively in recent years due to warming waters caused by climate change. The fireworm is raising some concerns due to its impact on the ecosystem and public health.
The fireworm, which can grow from 10 to 30 cm, is known for its brightly coloured, segmented body that varies from orange to red to purple. Its main defence is its numerous stinging bristles that cover its body; if disturbed or handled, the worm releases these bristles, causing intense pain, burning, itching, and skin irritation. In rare cases, severe allergic reactions may occur. The fireworm’s large presence poses a threat to the delicate Mediterranean marine ecosystem. It acts as both a scavenger and a predator, feeding on dead animals and actively hunting fish, molluscs, and crustaceans. It also damages fishing operations, as it attacks fish caught in nets—an easy target since they can’t escape. If you see one while swimming, don’t touch it; just observe from a distance. Many people find it repulsive, but it’s actually quite a beautiful creature!
