Most Italian cities are affected by urban pollution, which is a major problem. This is demonstrated by data from monitoring stations measuring pollutant concentration. Even in those cities and areas where these stations are lacking we can feel the air is polluted as we experience breathing difficulties or problems. Traffic is currently the main source of pollution in every city. Domestic heating emissions are another major pollution cause during winter. Pollutants are formed from the combustion generated by automotive engines and heating systems. A sensible reduction of urban pollution calls for structural changes, as the substitution of older, more polluting vehicles with newer and more ‘eco-friendly’ ones or substituting older domestic oil fired boilers with methane fired boilers as well as changing individual behavior.